atlantoaxial subluxation

• arthritic
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • JRA
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis (late feature in 2%)
  • lupus (SLE)

• congenital
  • Down syndrome (in 20%)
  • Morquio disease
  • atlanto-occipital fusion
  • congenital absence/hypoplasia of dens (2/3 have h/o trauma)

• infectious
  • retropharyngeal abscess

• traumatic

© 2002, C.E. Kahn, Jr.
2002-04-18