leukoplakia

pre-malignant squamous metaplasia
• can ==> squamous cell Ca of ureter or bladder
• 2' to chronic irritation (eg, infection, stones)

• keratin accumulation + sloughing
  • may cause ureteral obstruction

• 50% calculi
• hematuria in 33%
• bilateral in 10%

Cf: malakoplakia

© 2002, C.E. Kahn, Jr.
2002-04-18