bronchiectasis

localized irreversible dilatation of bronchial tree

etiology:

congenital abnormalitis or congenital diseases prediposing to bronchial damage
- Williams-Campbell syndrome (bronchial cartilage deficiency)
- bronchial atresia
- Kartagener syndrome (abnormal mucociliary transport)
- cystic fibrosis (abnormal secretions)
- chronic granulomatous disease of childhood
- alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
postinfectious: measles, whooping cough, Swyer-James syndrome, allergic brochopulmonary aspergillosis, TB
traction bronchiectasis from fibrosis or scarring
bronchial obstruction: neoplasm, inflammatory nodes, foreign body
aspiration/inhalation